OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures A05:2025 - Injection A06:2025 - Insecure Design A07:2025 - Authentication Failures A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control: This category involves failures in enforcing policies that restrict users to their intended permissions. Such failures can result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or destruction, as well as the execution of business functions beyond a user’s authorized scope.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration: This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are incorrectly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures: These failures refer to breakdowns or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They often stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures: Ideally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Past challenges related to CPU performance and private key/certificate management have been mitigated by modern CPUs with dedicated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified certificate management services such as LetsEncrypt.org, alongside tightly integrated offerings from major cloud providers. Beyond transport layer security, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional encryption in transit (application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, including passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, demands enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection: An injection vulnerability is a flaw allowing attackers to inject malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell scripts) into input fields. This tricks the system into executing these commands as if they were legitimate parts of the application, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design: This broad category encompasses various weaknesses characterized by missing or ineffective control designs. Insecure design is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risks. It is important to distinguish between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediations. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects, but an insecure design cannot be resolved by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never defined. A key contributor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling, which prevents determining the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures: This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures: These failures relate to code or infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code and data being treated as trusted. For example, an application may rely on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Another instance is a CI/CD pipeline that retrieves code or artifacts from untrusted locations or fails to verify them (e.g., via signature checks) before use.

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, detecting attacks and breaches becomes impossible. Furthermore, lacking effective alerting mechanisms makes it difficult to respond quickly and effectively during security incidents. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting hinder the initiation of active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions: This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, or respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This involves one or more of the following shortcomings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it while it is occurring, or responds inadequately or not at all after the event.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control - Practical examples of access control failures - Best practices for implementing secure access controls

Security Misconfiguration - Real-world cases of misconfiguration - Strategies to prevent misconfiguration, including the use of configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures - In-depth analysis of cryptographic weaknesses, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management - The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks - Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection techniques - Mitigation strategies using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design - Exploration of design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation - Study of strategies for secure architecture and design principles

Authentication Failures - Common authentication challenges - Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session management

Software and Data Integrity Failures - Focus on issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering - Implementation of safe update mechanisms and data integrity verification

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures - The importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities - Tools and practices for effective logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early